- Relative Centrifugal Force
- Centrifugation Time Required Using an Alternate Rotor
- Troubleshooting a Noisy Centrifuge
- Kinetic Energy of a Laboratory Centrifuge
- Recommendations of Uldall et al (IFCC 1990 Guidelines) for Centrifugation of Potentially Infectious Material
- Buffer Composition
- Estimation of pH for a Base
- Estimation of pH for an Acid
- Estimation of pH for a Salt Solution
- Degree of Ionization for a Weak Acid or Base
- Sorensen's (Disodium and Monopotassium) Phosphate Buffer
- Molarity of Solutions
- Ionic Strength of a Solution
- Estimating the Activity Coefficient of a Dilute Solution with the Debye-Huckel Equation
- Preparation of Isotonic Solutions
- Reducing or Enlarging a Solution Formula
- Volume Percent for a Solution of Two Solvents
- Preparation of a Solution in Parts Per Million (PPM)
- Preparation of a Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite) Solution
- Reducing the Osmolarity of a Solution to a Target Value
- Electrophoretic Mobility
- Comparing DNA Restriction Fragment Patterns in a Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
- Method of Qiu et al for Removal of Fibrinogen from Plasma Using Cold Ethanol Precipitation Prior to Protein Electrophoresis
- Troubleshooting Technical Problems During Electrophoresis
- Identifying Interference by an Iodinated Contrast Media in Serum Capillary Zone Electropheresis
- Osmometry and Measuring the Change in Freezing Point, Boiling Point and Vapor Pressure with Osmolality
- Melting Temperature for Nucleic Acid Probes
- Hybridization Rate for Nucleic Acid Probes
- Quantitation of DNA and RNA in Solution by UV Spectrophotometry
- Guanine-Plus-Cytosine Content of DNA by the Thermal Melting Method
- Estimating Protein and Nucleic Acid Concentration in Bacterial Extracts by UV Spectrophotometry
- Percent Agarose in a Gel and the Separation of Linear DNA Molecules
- Calculating the Moles of Double Stranded DNA Ends Following Restriction Enzyme Digestion
- Inhibition of Polymerase Chain Reaction Due to Heparin
- Inhibitors of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Blood
- Inhibitors of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Stool
- Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) for a Detergent Being Used for Solubilization of Proteins from a Membrane
- Troubleshooting High Background Staining with In Situ Hybridization (ISH)
- Method of Evers et al for Removing Formaldehyde Adducts in RNA Extracted from Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
- Concentration and Percent Transmittance
- Beer's Law
- Troubleshooting Cuvette-Related Problems in a Photometer
- Nernst Equation
- Findings Suggestive of Invalid Data
- Determining the Capacity (Retention) Factor for a Chromatographic System
- Determining the Proper Solvent Mix for High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to Provide a Specific Retention (Capacity) Factor
- Using the Tailing Factor or Peak Asymmetry Factor to Evaluate Chromatographic Peak Tailing
- Calculating the Theoretical Plate Number for a Chromatographic Peak
- Calculating the Resolution of a Chromatographic System
- Calculating the Dead Volume for a Chromatographic Column
- Screening Chromatographic Results for Evidence of an Extracolumn Effect
- Calculating the Amount of a Compound in a Sample Undergoing Chromatographic Separation
- Calculating the Average Retention Factor Based on Chromatographic Conditions
- Sizing a Gel Chromatography Column
- Measurement of Photographic Image Size
- Troubleshooting Problems with Film Image Quality
- Determining the Proper f Stop for a Flashgun and Film Speed
- Color Code for Axial Lead Resistors
- NCCLS Specifications for Reagent Grade Water
- Adjusting Water Resistivity Measurement at a Given Temperature to 25°C
- Illuminance
- Selecting the Right Size of Cork or Stopper
- Handling a Frozen Glassware Joint or Bottle Cap
- Boiling Point of a Liquid at a Given Pressure
- Vapor Pressure of a Liquid at a Temperature Below the Boiling Point
- Boiling Temperature of a Liquid at a Given Altitude
- Area of a Microscopic Field of View
- Numerical Aperture and Resolution
- Using an Ocular Micrometer for Measurement
- Lens Aberrations and Distortions
- Adjusting a Microscopic Count for a Different Field of View or Per Square Millimeter
- Correcting a Microscopic Measurement for Processing Effects By Measuring the Diameter of an Erythrocyte (RBC)
- Adjusting a Microscopic Count for a Different Histologic Section Thickness
- Handling of Incompletely Clotted Serum Samples
- Collecting and Handling a Specimen for Zinc Levels
- Maintaining the Chain of Custody for a Specimen
- Legal Concerns in Specimen Collection
- Rejection of a Specimen as Unacceptable
- Unacceptable Containers for Transporting Specimens
- Ways to Reduce Blood Loss from Phlebotomy in Hospitalized Patients
- Recognition of a Blood Specimen with In Vitro Hemolysis
- Risk Factors Associated with Hemolysis of a Blood Specimen
- Sequence for Drawing Multiple Blood Specimens with Vacutainers ("Order of Draw")
- Unsatisfactory Blood Specimens Collected on Filter Paper for a Neonatal Screening Program
- Checking the Quality of an Evacuated Blood Tube (Vacutainer)
- Modified Sequence for Drawing Multiple Blood Specimens ("Order of Draw") for Plastic Vacutainers
- Potential Complications Following Skin Puncture in the Finger of an Infant
- Effects of Pneumatic Tube System Transport on a Specimen
- Determining the Length of a Needle Core Biopsy Needed to Obtain a Given Weight of Tissue
- Amount of Blood to Waste When Collecting a Blood Sample from an Intravenous Catheter
- Handling a Blood Sample for Measuring Lactate and Pyruvate
- Problems Associated with a 24 Hour Urine Collection
- Using Urine Creatinine Excretion to Determine the Adequacy of a 24 Hour Urine Collection
- Collecting Blood from the Foot of a Neonate or Infant
- Collecting Blood from the Middle Finger of an Infant
- Indications for Skin Puncture (Finger, Ear or Heel Stick) for Blood Specimen Collection
- Laboratory Values That May Be Misleading in a Specimen Collected from a Skin Puncture
- Preparation of Platelet-Free Plasma (Platelet Poor Plasma, PPP)
- When to Inspect a Pneumatic Tube System Used for Delivering Specimens
- Collecting Blood By Skin Puncture From the Finger of an Older Child or Adult
- Arterialization of a Skin Puncture Sample By Warming the Skin
- Volume of Blood to Collect for a Blood Culture
- Collecting a Blood Culture to Prevent a False Negative Result from Concurrent Antibiotic Therapy
- Changes in the Composition of an Unpreserved and Unrefrigerated Urine Specimen Over Time
- Equation of Berger and Richichi for Correcting a Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Concentration for Hemolysis
- Blood Specimen Handling and Serum Procainamide Levels
- The Need to Evaluate a Swab-Based Collection and Transport System in Microbiology
- Rejection of a Stool Specimen for Clostridium difficile Testing
- Ways to Handle an “Unacceptable” Specimen
- Surgical Specimens Excluded from Pathologic Examination or Designated Gross Examination Only
- Cost Analysis of Solvent Recycling by Distillation
- Pouring Chemical Solutions into a Sink
- The Michaelis-Menten Equation for the an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction
- The Lineweaver-Burk Plot for an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction
- Procedure for Determining the Volume Error for a Pipette
- Percent Carryover
- Analysis of a Structural Formula for Rings Plus Double Bonds
- Calculation of the Percentage Total Ionization
- Viability Score for Endometrial Implants on the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane
- Tissue Culture Failure
- Volume of Urine or Body Fluid from Specific Gravity and Weight
- Converting the Concentration of a Solute in Serum to Serum Water at a Given Specific Gravity
- Calculating the Yield from a Synthetic Reaction
- Poiseuille's Law and Effect of a Parameter Change on Fluid Flow
- Using a Standard Curve for a Laboratory Analysis
- Determining the Detection Limit for an Analytic Technique
- When to Perform Calibration Verification of an Analytical Method
- Coulometry
- Guidelines for the Acceptable Use of Animals in Research
- Identifying a Patient Who May Be Having an Interference With an Immunoassay
- Performing a Complete Blood Count (CBC) on a Lipemic Sample
- False Elevations in Hemoglobin, Mean Cell Hemoglobin and Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration in a Patient with Paraproteinemia
- False Elevations in Inorganic Phosphate (Pseudohyperphosphatemia) Measured by the Ammonium Molybdate Method in Patients with Paraproteinemia
- Identifying Matrix Effect in Proficiency Test and Calibration Materials
- Unexpected Color of a Blood Sample
- Falsely Low Concentrations Associated with Partial Thawing of a Frozen Specimen
- Falsely Elevated Whole Blood Glucose Caused By Maltose with a Glucometer Using Glucose Dehydrogenase Test Strips
- Risk Factors for Falsely Depressed Serum Calcium Concentrations Associated with Gadolinium Contrast Medium for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Estimating the Amount of Contamination in a Blood Sample Drawn from an Indwelling Line Infusing a Glucose Solution
- Correction of the Sodium Concentration Measured by an Indirect Ion-Sensitive Electrode in Hyperlipidemia
- Correction of Chloride Concentration Measured by an Indirect Ion-Sensitive Electrode in Hyperlipidemia
- Corrected Potassium Concentration Measured by an Indirect Ion-Sensitive Electrode in a Patient with Hyperlipidemia
- False Results for Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1c) by the Ion Exchange Resin Method in a Patient with an Abnormal Hemoglobin
- Gel Formation After the Heating of a Serum Specimen Due to a Pyroglobulin
- Spurious Laboratory Results from Transferring a Blood Sample Collected in EDTA into Another Tube Type
- Analytes with Decreased Levels Following Exposure to Light
- Causes of a False Value for Copper in a Tissue Specimen
- Impact of Color Blindness on the Accuracy of Dipstick or Other Tests Involving a Color Change
- Wide Fluctuations of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations in a Patient After a Total Parathyroidectomy with Autotransplantation
- Carry-Over or "Floaters" in a Smear or Histologic Section
- False Positive Immunological Assay Caused by Human Anti-Animal Antibodies (HAMA, HARA or HAGA)
- Artifactual (Pseudo) Hypoglycemia or Normoglycemia Associated with Leukocytosis
- Evaluating a Decrease in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
- False Negative Microbiological Studies Associated with Labile Microorganisms
- False Positive Bacterial Cultures of Subcutaneous Wound or Abscess
- False Negative Serologic Tests for Syphilis in an HIV-Infected Patient
- Equation of Parry for Correcting a Serum Creatinine Concentration Determined by the Jaffe Method for Albumin
- False Negative Microbiological Studies Associated with Non-Labile Microorganisms
- Reasons for a Misleading Serum or Plasma Vitamin A Levels
- Use of Lipoclear to Correct Chemistry Tests for Lipemia
- Corrected Potassium Concentration in a Hemolyzed Specimen
- Possible Causes of a False Positive Screening Test for Syphilis
- Troubleshooting a False Positive, False Negative or Unexpected Antigen-Antibody Reaction
- Troubleshooting an Unexpected Increase in the International Normalized Ratio (INR)
- False Negative PCR for Hepatitis C Virus Due to a Cryoglobulin
- When Culture Isolation of a Bacterial Species That is Usually a Contaminant May Represent a True Infection
- Reasons for a Higher Than Expected Level of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in a Patient with G6PD Deficiency
- Falsely Elevated Results in an Assay Using Latex Particles for a Patient with Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Evaluating Drug Interference with a Laboratory Test
- Evaluating a Failure in a Proficiency Challenge
- Effects of Blood Transfusion on Laboratory Tests
- Persistent Elevation of Enzyme Activity Associated with a Macroenzyme
- False Positive Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) Associated with a High Serum IgE Level
- Troubleshooting an Unexpected Laboratory Value By Specimen Redraw and Analysis on a Different Instrument
- Troubleshooting an Unexpected Decrease in the International Normalized Ratio (INR)
- Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Associated with Benign Familial Hyperphosphatasemia
- Causes of a False Negative Urine Pregancy Test
- Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha) Levels in a Patient Being Treated with a Humanized Antibody Against TNFalpha
- Troubleshooting Erratic Test Results Associated with a Reagent That Has Deteriorated During Shipping
- Discrepancy Between a Serum Level of a Drug or Hormone and a Physiologic Marker in a Patient Who Is Noncompliant But Takes a Medication Before the Next Visit With a Physician
- False Positive Tests Associated with Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- Causes of a False Positive Blood Culture in an Automated Blood Culture Analyzer
- Factors Contributing to a Delay in Diagnosis of Bacteremia Due to Nonfermenting Bacteria by an Automated Blood Culture System
- Transient Serologic Changes Associated with Immune Globulin Therapy
- Causes of a False Positive Antigen Test for Histoplasma
- Green Plasma Associated with Elevated Serum Ceruloplasmin and Copper
- False Positive Elevation in the Concentration of Blood Ammonia
- False Positive Serology Testing After Therapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Therapy
- Serum Macroaspartasemia (Aspartate Aminotransferase Macroenzyme Complex, Pseudo Elevation of Serum AST)
- False Negative Testing for Ketoacidosis When Using Nitroprusside-Based Methods (Acetest, Ketostix)
- Factitious Hypoxemia or Methemoglobinemia Associated with Isosulfan Blue (Lymphazurin) Used for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- Pseudoepidemic Associated with a Molecular Diagnostic Test
- Serum CA 19-9 Levels and Lewis Antigen Genotype
- Counterfeit Blood Glucose Test Strips
- Troubleshooting the Gram Stain
- Pseudothrombocytosis Due to Microorganisms
- Artifactual Elevation of the Serum Total Bilirubin in a Patient with a Paraprotein
- Estimating the Air Handling Requirements Based on Room Size and Air Exchanges
- Estimating Laboratory Space Needs
- Checklist for Ensuring the Accuracy of Personal Monitoring Devices
- Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Results from Blood Glucose Monitoring
- When Quality Control (QC) Should Be Run on a Point of Care Instrument
- Pretest Checklist for a Waived Test
- Testing Checklist for a Waived Test
- Effect of High Altitude on Glucometer Results
- Equations of Mann et al for Correcting a Glucometer Result for Anemia
- Features of an Effective Bedside Glucose Monitoring Program
- Checklist of Alto et al for Evaluating Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Home Glucose Monitoring
- Failures in Compliance That May Impact a Laboratory with a Certificate of Waiver to Perform Only Waived Testing
- Determining the Molecular Weight of a Compound from Its Chemical Formula
- Determining the Molecular Weight of a Protein By Sephadex Gel Filtration
- Volatility and Relative Persistency of a Chemical Compound
- Storage Limits on Flammable and Combustible Liquids
- Handling Cryogenic Fluids and Solids (Liquid and Solid Gas)
- Selecting Personal Protective Equipment for the Eyes and Face While Working in the Laboratory
- Indications for Wearing Gloves While Working in the Laboratory
- Prevention of Superheating While Boiling a Liquid
- Identification of the Patient at Risk for Hematoma Formation Associated With Arterial Blood Sampling
- Evaluation of Collateral Circulation in the Hand Prior to Arterial Blood Sampling from the Radial Artery (Modified Allen Test and/or Ultrasonography)
- FDA Criteria for CLIA Test Categorization
- Volume in a Round Bottom Flask
- Volume in an Erlenmeyer Flask
- Grades of Chemical Reagents
- Using Heat Inactivation to Identify Isoenzymes Causing an Elevation in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
- Selection Criteria for Subjects Used to Determine a Normal Reference Range
- Failure in Patient Compliance with Outpatient Testing
- Handling Containers of Ethyl or Isopropyl Ether
- Handling Picric Acid
- Hazards of Azide Salts
- Hazards of Oxidizing Agents
- Hazards in Handling Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates
- Environmental Monitoring for Formaldehyde
- Identifying Sources of Mercury in the Laboratory
- Handling of Ammoniacal Silver Stain in the Histology Laboratory
- Phenotypic Markers in the Identification of a Patient Specimen
- Forensic Identity Techniques for Positively Identifying the Source of a Specimen
- Cleanup of an Elemental Mercury Spill
- Cleanup of a Strong Acid Spill
- Golf Score Card Tool of Baker et al for Evaluation of an Analytical Instrument
- Reasons for Replacing an Existing Laboratory Instrument
- Practicability of an Instrument
- Troubleshooting High Background Staining on Immunohistochemistry
- Troubleshooting Negative or Weak Immunohistochemical Staining
- Quantitating Cell Populations Using Two Immunostains
- Troubleshooting Tissue Autofluorescence During Immunofluorescence
- Troubleshooting a Refrigerator That is Outside Its Temperature Range
- Monitoring Cold Storage
- Checklist for Relocating an Automated Laboratory Analyzer
- Fixatives for a Sample To Be Submitted for Cytology
- Boric Acid as a Urine Preservative
- Formaldehyde and Formalin Solutions
- GEWF (Glacial Acetic Acid, Ethanol, Water, Formaldehyde) Solution for Fixation and Identification of Lymph Nodes Within Fat
- Volume of Quadrant Folded Filter Paper in a Funnel
- Algorithm for Selection of Qualitative Filter Paper
- Algorithm for Selection of Quantitative Filter Paper
- Distribution Coefficient and Extraction of a Solute Between 2 Solvents
- Thermometer Stem Correction to the Measured Temperature
- Density and Refractive Index for a Sucrose Gradient
- Density and Refractive Index for a Glycerol Gradient
- Density and Refractive Index for a Cesium Chloride Gradient
- Density and Refractive Index for a Diatrizoate Sodium Gradient
- College of American Pathologists (CAP) Requirements for Document Control
- Autoverification of Test Results
- Slush Baths of Rondeau for Mixing Solvents with Liquid Nitrogen
- Preparing a Cooling Bath with Dry Ice and Xylene
- Preparing a Cooling Bath with Dry Ice and Various Solvents
- Preparing a Cooling Bath with Dry Ice and a Mixture of Ethanol Plus Ethylene Glycol
- Determining the Pitch Date for a Specimen or Record
- Troubleshooting Chatter in Histologic Sections
- Troubleshooting a Curved Ribbon of Sections on the Microtome
- Troubleshooting the Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS) Stain
- Troubleshooting Alternating Thick and Thin Sections on a Microtome
- Formalin Pigment in Histologic Sections
- Malarial Pigment in Histologic Sections
- Mercury Pigment in Histologic Sections
- Troubleshooting Staining with Hematoxylin
- Troubleshooting Histologic Sections Sticking to the Block on the Return Stoke
- Troubleshooting Overstaining with Eosin
- Troubleshooting a Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain After Diastase Digestion
- Destaining a Slide for Restaining
- Improving Adherence of a Histologic Section or Cell Layer to a Slide
- Conditions That Can Dissolve the Glass of a pH Electrode
- Troubleshooting a pH Meter Giving Erratic or Drifting Results
- Shapes for a pH Electrode Membrane
- Deciding Whether to Perform a Test In-House
- Selecting a Reference Laboratory
- Optical Purity and a Mixture of Enantiomers
- Factors Affecting the Turnaround Time (TAT) for a Test
- Requirements for the Performance of a Molecular Test in a Clinical Laboratory
- Adjusting the Specific Gravity of a Fixative Solution to Allow an Organ to Float
- Reflex Ordering of Molecular Tests
- Initial Steps of Carter for Reviewing the Evidence for a Molecular Test (3-Step Evidence Check)
- Second Tier Steps of Carter for Reviewing the Evidence for a Molecular Test (3-Step Evidence Check)
- Wrong Blood in Tube (WBIT)
- Risk Factors for Acid Damage of Waste Pipes in the Laboratory
- False-Positive Immunoassay Due to Patient Anti-Streptavidin Antibody
- Falsely Elevated Cell Counts in a Body Fluid As Measured in a Coulter Counter
- False Elevation of IgG and IgA Concentrations By Nephelometry Due to IgM Monocloncal Protein
- Falsely Elevated Serum Testosterone Concentrations Due to Application of Testosterone Gel Near the Phlebotomy Site
- Reasons for a False-Positive Gram Stain
- Costs, Benefits and Problems of Point of Care (POC) Testing
- Causes of a Discrepancy Between a Hemoglobin or Hematocrit Value Determined on a Conductivity-Based Point-of-Care Instrument (iStat, Other) and Other Hematology Analyzers
- Requirements for a Laboratory’s Director
- Sources of Serum Intestinal Isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase
- Causes of Elevation in the Alkaline Phosphatase Bone Isoenzyme
- Cancer-Related Placenta-Like Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP): Regan, Nagao and Other Isoenzymes
- Troubleshooting a Failure of a Ribbon to Form While Cutting Paraffin Sections
- Troubleshooting Sections That Crumble and a Specimen That Shatters When Cutting
- Troubleshooting Sections That Are Wrinkled, Compressed or Jammed Together
- Knife Angle in the Microtome
- Handling Static Electricity in the Histology Laboratory
- Failures of Shipping with Dry Ice
- Classification of Biological Materials for Shipping
- Determining If the Repeat Ordering of a Laboratory Test Is Appropriate
- Strategies for Improving the Appropriate Use of Laboratory Tests
- Factors Affecting Patient Misidentification in the Collection of Laboratory Specimens
- Preventing Specimen Misidentification Errors
- Algorithm of Frothingham for Balanced Loading of a Centrifuge Rotor
- Selecting Tumor in a Paraffin Block for Molecular Studies
- Discrepancy Between Results for a Molecular Marker Between Immunohistochemisty (IHC) and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
- Problems Associated with Drawing Blood from a Line Used to Infuse a Drug
- Pseudohyperphosphatemia Secondary to Therapy with Liposomal Amphotericin B
- Removal of Lipemic Interference in a Serum or Plasma Specimen
- Estimating the Number of Erythocytes Ruptured in a Hemolyzed Specimen
- Percent Laboratory Test Interference
- Handling a Problem in Laboratory Specimen Identification
- Checklist for Selecting the Best Tubing for a Laboratory Application
- Conditions Associated with an Increased Turnaround Time (TAT) for a Frozen Section
- Situations for Which a Frozen Section May Be Inappropriate or Unnecessary
- Method of Bone Decalcification for FISH and Other Molecular Tests Based on DNA or RNA
- Silanization (Siliconization) of Glassware
- Laboratory Glassware Scratches
- Density of a Finding Based on Microscopic Examination
- Propofol-Related Lipemia
- Maintaining Uric Acid in a Blood Sample from a Patient Being Treated with Rasburicase
- Daratumumab (DARA, Anti-CD38) and Interference with Blood Compatibility Testing
- Causes of Pseudo-Reticulocytosis on a Hematology Analyzer
- Falsely Elevated Capillary Glucose and Ketone Concentrations Due to Hydroquinone in Skin Lightening Cream
- Discrepancies in Serum Sodium Concentrations Determined by Direct versus Indirect Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE) Associated with the Serum Total Protein Concentration
- Adjustment of Wener et al for the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Based on Age, Race and Gender
- Classes of Oxidizing Agents
- Hazards of Pyridine
- Piranha Solution and Precautions for Its Use
- Differential Staining of Clear Polarizable Microcrystals in Histologic Sections
- Ten Commandments for the Use of Piranha Solution to Clean Glassware
- Consequence of Dirty Laboratory Glassware
- Algorithm of Jeong et al for Triaging a Specimen for Dilution Based on Data in the Laboratory Information System (LIS)
- Troubleshooting a Patient with Possible Macroamylasemia
- LDH Isoenzymes
- Recognition of a Plant Seed in a Histologic Section
- Criteria for an Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Test (ADLT)
- Risk Factors of Lin et al for a False Positive PCR Test for Norovirus
- Minimizing Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals
- Troubleshooting Results of the Fecal Immunochemical Test for Occult Blood in the Stool (FIT, FICT, FOBT)
- False Negative Tests Associated with Exposure to Formalin
- Risk Factors for a False-Negative Result with QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test for Tuberculosis
- Prevention of Cross-Contamination
- Handling of Phenol in the Laboratory
- Femoral Venipuncture for Specimen Collection
- Minimizing the Number of Venipuncture Attempts ("Sticks") During Phlebotomy
- Low Serum Total Thyroxine (T4) Associated with Low Serum Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG)
- False-Positive Urine Odor Mistaken for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (Pseudo-MSUD) Associated with Herbal Tea (Fenugreek)
- Interference with Laboratory Tests Associated with High Dietary Intake of Biotin
- OSHA Guidance for Ergonomic-Related Issues Related to Microscope Use in the Laboratory
- OSHA Guidance for Ergonomic-Related Issues in the Laboratory: Pipetting
- Formula for Rings Plus Pi Bonds
- Using a Sterile Sputum Trap to Collect a Body Fluid Sample
- Impact of Initiating Therapy in an Emergency Prior to Collecting Blood Specimens
- False Positive Bacterial Cultures and Pseudo-Outbreak Due to Contamination of a Multidose Culture Media Supplement
- Interference with aPTT-Based Assays By Emicizumab
- Inaccurate Thyroglobulin Concentrations Associated with Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies
- Macro-TSH (Macro-Thyrotropin) with Elevated Serum TSH
- Persistently Low Serum Alkaline Phosphatase
- Causes of False Positive and False Negative Results for Tuberculosis Using the T-SPOT.TB Test
- False Positive Pregnancy Test Following Transfusion of a Blood Product
- Differential Diagnosis of an Elevated Serum CA125 Concentration
- Differential Diagnosis of a Persistently Low Hemoglobin A1c
- Troubleshooting a Negative Cervical Cone Biopsy
- Patient Factors Affecting Results of a Breath Test
- False Elevation of the Serum Aluminum Concentration
- Normal Pyruvate Kinase Levels in a Patient with Red Cell Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
- False Results with Tests for Detecting Rupture of the Fetal Membranes (ROM)
- Causes for an Unexpected Elevation of Serum Procalcitonin
- Maintaining an Inventory of Controls for Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Stains
- Troubleshooting Sections with Scratches or Tears
- Troubleshooting the Congo Red Stain
- Artifacts from Poor (Incomplete) Fixation
- Artifacts from Poor Tissue Processing
- Artifacts from Tissue Being Excessively Dehydrated During Processing
- Artifacts from Tissue Being Over-Decalcified
- Artifacts from Tissue Being Under-Decalcified
- Artifactual Cell Shrinkage
- Histologic Sections Too Thick
- Incomplete Histologic Sections
- Wavy Histologic Section
- Histologic Sections Showing Cracks and Fissures
- Histologic Features of Lipofuscin
- Patient Request for a Medically-Unnecessary Laboratory Test
- Degree of Unsaturation for a Chemical
- Cold Enrichment of Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
- Potassium Permanganate
- Extreme Separation of Tissue Elements in the Histologic Section
- Eosin Understaining (Light Cytoplasmic Staining)
- Hemophilus Species and Requirements for X and V Factors
- Distinguishing an Aerotolerant Clostridium Species from a Facultatively Anaerobic Bacillus Species
- Types of Hemolysis Shown By Bacterial Cultures on Blood Agar
- Bile Solubility Test for Streptococcus pneumoniae
- PYR Test for Streptococci
- Coagulase Test for Staphylococcus aureus
- Optochin Susceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Indole Test
- Catalase Activity
- Voges-Proskauer Test
- ONPG (ortho-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-Galactopyranoside) Test
- Nitrate Reduction to Nitrite
- Citrate Utilization
- Decarboxylases
- Phenylalanine Deaminase
- Esculin and Bile Esculin Hydrolysis Tests
- CAMP Test for Group B Streptococci
- Salt Tolerance Test for Enterococci
- Rapid Carbohydrate Utilization by Pathogenic Neisseria
- Cytochrome Oxidase
- Urease Test
- Hugh and Leifson Oxidative-Fermentation (OF) Test
- False Elevation of Potassium in a Fingerstick Specimen
- Analytical Interference Associated with Lipid Resuscitation Therapy of Acute Poisoning
- Causes of an Elevated Serum Lipase When Pancreatitis Has Been Ruled Out
- False Elevation in D-Dimer Test Associated with Iron Sucrose Infusion
- Laboratory Test Interference Associated with Ethanol
- False Elevation of Blood Lactate Concentrations in Point of Care Testing from a Patient with Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
- Electrical Supply for an Instrument or Device
- Pitfalls in Detecting Amyloid in a Congo Red Stain
- Troubleshooting a Centrifuge with Broken Glass Tubes
- Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)
- Impact of an Infusion of Ringer's Lactate on the Serum Lactate Concentration
- Micromegakaryocytes in the Peripheral Blood Smear
- Urine Biomarkers for Determining If the Diagnosis of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) on the Basis of the Urinary Leukocyte Esterase Is a True or False Positive
- Paraneoplastic (Inappropriate) Expression of Lewis Antigens
- Pseudoparaproteinemia Due to Iopamidol
- Pseudo Elevation of Serum LDH Activity Associated with Macro-LDH
- Falsely Elevated Automated Platelet Count in Malaria
- Troubleshooting Low Oxygen Saturation Readings from a Point of Care Device
- Troubleshooting Nonspecific Staining with the Reticulin Stain
- Troubleshooting Problems with Nuclear Staining with the Trichrome Stain
- Problems Related to Mounting Media
- Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Section Hazy or with Eosin Bleeding
- Blue Staining of Eosinophilic Tissue in Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Section
- Possible Explanations for Cell Nuclei Being Too Dark or Too Light in a Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain
- Pruning the Laboratory Test Menu
- Indications for and Problems Associated with a Laboratory-Developed Test (LDT)
- Measuring the Concentration of Protein in Solution Using Spectrophotometry
- Causes of Pseudothrombocytosis in an Automated Platelet Count
- Troubleshooting an Elevated Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
- Interference of N-Acetylcysteine (ANC) Therapy with Chemistry Tests
- False Elevation of Serum Vitamin D Concentrations Caused by Monoclonal Proteins
- OSHA Guidance for Ergonomic-Related Issues in the Laboratory: Computer Workstation
- Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEchERS) Extraction Method
- Troubleshooting Pale Staining of Elastic Fibers Stained with the Verhoeff Method
- Use of an Accelerometer in the Validation of a Hospital Pneumatic Tube System
- Troubleshooting a Centrifuge That Does Not Start
- Pretreatment of Plasma with Reptilase Prior to Protein Electrophoresis
- Bone Specimen Preparation for DNA Sampling
- Hyperkalemia and Elevated Serum Carbon Dioxide Associated with Saltpeter (Potassium Nitrate) Ingestion
- Macro-Alkaline Phosphatase As a Cause of Persistent Elevation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
- Macro Creatine Kinase (Macro CK)
- Monoclonal Band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis Due to Therapy with a Monoclonal Antibody (SPE)
- Troubleshooting an Apparent False Elevation of the Serum Troponin Concentration
- Chemicals Interfering with Serum Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
- Falsely Decreased Serum HDL Cholesterol (HDLC) and/or LDL Cholesterol (LDCL) Associated with Paraproteinemia
- Weak Mucin Staining in a Mucicarmine Stain
- Excessive Background Staining with an Alcian Blue Stain for Mucin
- Photoreactivity of Mycobacteria
- Niacin Accumulation in Mycobacterial Speciation
- Troubleshooting a Centrifuge Showing Excessive Vibrations
- Causes of Pseudohyperchloremia
- False Positive Heparin-PF4 Immunoturbidimetric Assay Due to Lupus Anticoagulant
- False Elevation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Alpha-Synuclein Associated with Blood Contamination
- False-Positive Pregnancy Test Associated with Paraneoplastic HCG Production
- False Elevation of Vitamin B12 Concentration in a Patient with Myeloma
- Impact of Parenteral Lipid Emulsions on White Blood Cell Parameters from an Automated Hematology Analyzer
- Consequences of a False-Positive or False-Negative Test Result for a Home Test for COVID-19
- Immunohistochemical Staining of Necrotic or Decomposed Tissue
- False-Negative Staining of Gram-Positive Bacteria in a Tissue Gram Stain
- False-Negative Staining of Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Gram Stain
- False-Positive or False-Negative Results with a Rapid Malaria Test
- False Positive Results for a Rapid COVID-19 Test
- Causes of a False-Positive Assay for Aspergillus Galactomannan
- Causes of a False Positive Cryptococcal Antigen Test
- Causes of a False-Negative Immunoassay for Cryptococcal Antigen
- Factors Affecting the Accuracy of an Analytical Balance
- Poor Contrast in a Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain
- Causes for Suboptimal Nuclear Staining in a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain
- Blue or Purple Precipitates in Histologic Sections Due to Hematoxylin
- Uneven Staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
- Requirements for Releasing Clinical Tissue Samples for Clinical Research
- False Elevations in Plasma D-Dimer Concentrations Due to Heterophile Antibodies
- Heterophile Antibodies and False Positive Immunoassays
- Troubleshooting an Immunoassay for Total Serum Vitamin B12
- Pseudothrombocytosis and Schistocytosis Associated with Thermal Burns
- False-Positive Screening Test for Beta-Thalassemia Trait in Megaloblastic Anemia
- Causes of False-Positive Urine Ketone Test (Acetest, Ketostix)
- Maximum Allowable Blood Draw Volume
- Troubleshooting a Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Slide with Red or Brown Nuclei
- Troubleshooting Holes in a Histologic Section (Moth Eaten Effect)
- Catalyst
- Failure of Serum PSA to Detect Prostate Cancer in a Patient Treated with a 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
- Risk Factors for a False-Positive Fecal Hemoglobin Immunochemical Test
- False Positive Bacterial Detection of a Platelet Concentrate: AABB Criteria
- False Positive Bacterial Detection Rate of a Platelet Concentrate: Benjamin/McDonald System
- Causes of a False-Positive IgM Antibody Test for Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
- Urine Biomarkers That Can Reduce False Positive Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children
- False Positivity of Rapid HIV Diagnostic Tests Associated with Malaria
- Inappropriate Stool Testing in a Hospitalized Patient
- Reasons Why a Clinician May Order an Unnecessary Test or Procedure
- Falsely Elevated Serum Estradiol Concentrations Tested By Immunoassay
- Failures of Hemoglobin A1c Measurement in a Patient with a Hemoglobinopathy
- Glycated Albumin Levels in a Diabetic Patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Troubleshooting a False Negative Newborn Screening Test for Cystic Fibrosis
- False Positive PCR Test Due to Carryover of RNA from a Previous Analysis of the Specimen
- Precipitation of Immune Complexes with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
- Safety Concerns in the Storage Room
- Clinical Findings of Hamilton et al for Needle Phobia
- Lot-to-Lot Variation in Reagents
- Analytical Validation of an Immunohistochemical (IHC) Assay: Initial Evaluation
- Analytical Validation of an Immunohistochemical (IHC) Assay: Subsequent Evaluation
- Troubleshooting Muscle in a Trichrome Stain That Is Unstained or Grey